Discectomy is a procedure for removing a herniated disc causing trouble in the spinal canal. Disc herniation dislodges a fragment from the spinal disc. This fragment impacts the spinal cord and/or surrounding nerves. Therefore, surgery is required to remove this fragment. This surgery is known as discectomy. In the usual surgery, called open discectomy, the surgeon creates a tiny incision to remove the herniated disc to relieve pressure on nerves.
Discectomy Procedure
General anesthesia is used. The operation lasts for around an hour and depends on the damage, the physical stature of the sufferer and other related factors. The patient is made to lie down and his back should point upwards. The surgeon makes a small incision of about three centimeters in the center of the back. Then, he or she dissects muscles away from the spinal bone. Special instruments are then used to remove a tiny amount of ligament and bone. This is called a laminotomy.
The laminotomy is done so that the surgeon can see the spinal nerves. The disc herniation is found and the offending fragment removed. Other disc fragments, that may cause herniation in the future, are also removed. The incision is then closed and bandaged.
Recovery
The procedure usually results in complete relief from pain. Sometimes it may take a few weeks for the symptoms to dissipate. Pain due to the incision can be controlled by taking pain medicines. Patients spend a night at the hospital, and are sent home the next day. In some cases, a lumbar corset can help to deal with the pain. Simple actions such as walking and sitting upright should be encouraged. Strenuous activity and exercises should be avoided until the doctor gives permission. Patients should not twist their back or bend too much.
Potential Complications
The main problem is recurrent disc herniation causing similar symptoms in the future. The risk of this complication is about 10-15 percent. Most patients get relief after a discectomy. The success rate of the procedure is 85-90 percent. Other risks include infection, bleeding and spinal fluid leaks. These complications can be treated, but may need re-hospitalization or more surgeries.
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